Table 4 Prevalence of complications and comorbidities in RA cases stratified by age and sex

Infectious complications

Viral and bacterial pneumonia

5.91 (5.66–6.18)

8.71 (8.46–8.96)

12.85 (12.44–13.28)

19.40 (18.79–20.02)

9.97 (9.80–10.15)

11.07 (10.65–11.50)

10.17 (10.00–10.34)

Urinary tract infection

7.77 (7.48–8.06)

8.05 (7.80–8.30)

8.22 (7.87–8.58)

7.77 (7.35–8.21)

9.10 (8.93–9.27)

2.78 (2.57–3.01)

7.97 (7.83–8.12)

Central nervous system infection

0.53 (0.46–0.61)

0.53 (0.47–0.60)

0.66 (0.57–0.77)

0.58 (0.47–0.72)

0.54 (0.50–0.59)

0.67 (0.57–0.79)

0.56 (0.52–0.61)

Skin and subcutaneous tissue infections

19.70 (19.29–20.12)

21.35 (20.98–21.72)

21.61 (21.10–22.13)

23.15 (22.49–23.82)

20.95 (20.72–21.19)

22.25 (21.68–22.82)

21.18 (20.96–21.41)

Intestinal infectious diseases

41.44 (40.91–41.97)

33.36 (32.94–33.79)

31.15 (30.58–31.73)

31.81 (31.10–32.54)

35.34 (35.06–35.61)

33.01 (32.39–33.64)

34.92 (34.66–35.18)

Tuberculosis

2.61 (2.44–2.79)

2.98 (2.83–3.13)

2.49 (2.31–2.69)

2.06 (1.85–2.30)

2.45 (2.36–2.55)

3.62 (3.39–3.87)

2.66 (2.57–2.75)

Other bacterial diseases

0.79 (0.69–0.89)

0.74 (0.66–0.82)

0.77 (0.67–0.89)

0.88 (0.74–1.04)

0.75 (0.70–0.80)

0.91 (0.79–1.04)

0.78 (0.73–0.82)

Sexually transmitted infections

4.04 (3.83–4.26)

2.05 (1.92–2.18)

1.58 (1.43–1.74)

1.41 (1.24–1.61)

2.20 (2.12–2.29)

3.38 (3.15–3.62)

2.41 (2.33–2.50)

Viral infections

15.41 (15.01–15.81)

16.55 (16.21–16.89)

16.76 (16.30–17.23)

15.02 (14.46–15.60)

16.29 (16.08–16.51)

15.11 (14.63–15.60)

16.08 (15.88–16.29)

Viral hepatitis

1.73 (1.59–1.88)

1.58 (1.48–1.69)

1.38 (1.24–1.53)

0.90 (0.77–1.07)

1.40 (1.33–1.47)

1.93 (1.75–2.13)

1.49 (1.43–1.56)

Acute myocardial infarction

0.10 (0.07–0.14)

0.35 (0.30–0.40)

0.80 (0.69–0.92)

1.14 (0.98–1.32)

0.35 (0.31–0.39)

1.04 (0.91–1.19)

0.47 (0.44–0.51)

Musculoskeletal complications

Total Hip Replacement

0.23 (0.18–0.28)

0.54 (0.47–0.60)

0.79 (0.69–0.92)

0.99 (0.85–1.16)

0.55 (0.51–0.60)

0.62 (0.53–0.74)

0.56 (0.52–0.60)

Total Knee Replacement

0.15 (0.11–0.20)

0.83 (0.75–0.91)

1.65 (1.50–1.82)

1.65 (1.47–1.86)

0.92 (0.86–0.98)

0.91 (0.80–1.05)

0.92 (0.87–0.97)

Ankle Joint Replacement

0.00 (0.00–0.02)

0.01 (0.00–0.02)

0.02 (0.01–0.05)

-

0.01 (0.00–0.02)

0.01 (0.00–0.04)

0.01 (0.01–0.02)

Elbow Joint Replacement

0.02 (0.01–0.04)

0.08 (0.06–0.10)

0.09 (0.06–0.14)

0.04 (0.02–0.09)

0.06 (0.04–0.07)

0.07 (0.04–0.12)

0.06 (0.05–0.07)

Shoulder Joint Replacement

0.01 (0.01–0.03)

0.08 (0.06–0.11)

0.26 (0.21–0.34)

0.42 (0.33–0.54)

0.16 (0.13–0.18)

0.09 (0.06–0.14)

0.14 (0.12–0.17)

Comorbidities

Hypertension

49.92 (49.39–50.45)

65.92 (65.49–66.35)

82.44 (81.96–82.91)

91.48 (91.03–91.91)

67.91 (67.63–68.19)

69.55 (68.94–70.16)

68.20 (67.95–68.46)

Osteoarthritis

19.50 (19.09–19.92)

46.66 (46.21–47.11)

58.88 (58.27–59.49)

61.53 (60.79–62.26)

45.70 (45.41–46.00)

34.17 (33.54–34.80)

43.64 (43.37–43.91)

Gastritis

25.36 (24.91–25.81)

34.73 (34.31–35.16)

38.95 (38.35–39.56)

38.32 (37.58–39.07)

34.87 (34.59–35.14)

27.17 (26.58–27.76)

33.49 (33.24–33.75)

Hypothyroidism

22.88 (22.45–23.32)

27.91 (27.51–28.31)

35.01 (34.43–35.60)

36.91 (36.17–37.65)

31.21 (30.93–31.48)

19.62 (19.08–20.17)

29.14 (28.89–29.39)

Hyperlipidemia

8.71 (8.41–9.03)

26.36 (25.98–26.75)

30.45 (29.88–31.02)

24.77 (24.10–25.45)

22.32 (22.08–22.57)

21.43 (20.88–22.00)

22.16 (21.93–22.39)

Diabetes

7.46 (7.18–7.75)

19.46 (19.11–19.83)

30.17 (29.60–30.74)

36.56 (35.82–37.30)

20.22 (19.99–20.45)

22.14 (21.58–22.72)

20.56 (20.34–20.79)

Osteoporosis

2.94 (2.76–3.14)

15.38 (15.06–15.72)

32.59 (32.01–33.17)

39.40 (38.67–40.14)

21.09 (20.85–21.32)

7.05 (6.72–7.39)

18.58 (18.37–18.79)

Eczema

15.44 (15.05–15.85)

17.36 (17.02–17.71)

18.16 (17.69–18.64)

17.58 (17.00–18.19)

17.44 (17.22–17.66)

15.15 (14.67–15.65)

17.03 (16.82–17.24)

Discopathy

8.99 (8.68–9.31)

14.82 (14.50–15.15)

15.38 (14.94–15.83)

13.96 (13.41–14.53)

13.18 (12.99–13.38)

13.43 (12.98–13.90)

13.23 (13.04–13.42)

Anxiety

9.03 (8.72–9.35)

12.64 (12.34–12.94)

11.78 (11.39–12.20)

10.91 (10.42–11.42)

12.13 (11.94–12.32)

7.23 (6.89–7.57)

11.26 (11.08–11.43)

COPD

2.46 (2.30–2.64)

6.87 (6.65–7.10)

16.47 (16.02–16.94)

31.52 (30.81–32.24)

10.02 (9.85–10.20)

14.39 (13.92–14.87)

10.80 (10.63–10.98)

Migraine

17.30 (16.90–17.71)

11.14 (10.86–11.43)

5.67 (5.38–5.97)

3.30 (3.03–3.59)

12.03 (11.84–12.23)

4.56 (4.31–4.83)

10.70 (10.53–10.87)

GERD

5.57 (5.33–5.82)

10.95 (10.68–11.24)

12.29 (11.88–12.71)

10.86 (10.37–11.37)

10.29 (10.11–10.47)

7.21 (6.88–7.55)

9.74 (9.58–9.91)

Depression

7.86 (7.57–8.16)

10.04 (9.78–10.31)

9.09 (8.72–9.46)

9.77 (9.30–10.26)

9.79 (9.62–9.97)

6.56 (6.25–6.89)

9.22 (9.06–9.38)

Lupus

14.15 (13.78–14.54)

8.44 (8.20–8.69)

5.30 (5.03–5.60)

3.15 (2.89–3.44)

9.50 (9.33–9.68)

4.91 (4.65–5.19)

8.68 (8.53–8.84)