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Table 2 Comparison between pre- and post-COVID-19 mean scores in patients with RA who reported worsening and those who did not at visit 3

From: COVID-19 on patients with immune-mediated rheumatic disease: a comparative study of disease activity, fatigue, and psychological distress over six months

 

Worse in visit 3

p value (CI = 95%)

Independent sample effect size (ES)*

No

Yes

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

CDAI pre-COVID#

17.5

16.2

19.2

14.1

0.330

-0.110 (-0.59 to 0.37)

TJC pre-COVID

5.9

6.8

6.4

5.5

0.369

-0.079 (-0.53 to 0.38)

SJC pre-COVID

3.6

6.0

3.3

5.6

0.404

0.057 (-0.40 to 0.51)

PGA pre-COVID

4.8

3.0

8.6

16.4

0.055

-0.385 (-0.85 to 0.087)

MGA pre-COVID

3.2

2.7

3.8

2.6

0.210

-0.196 (-0.66 to 0.27)

CDAI post-COVID&

19.0

18.4

26.5

19.3

0.040

-0.397 (-0.83 to 0.04)

TJC post-COVID

6.5

8.4

9.7

8.6

0.044

-0.384 (-0.82 to 0.05)

SJC post-COVID

3.1

4.8

4.8

7.0

0.113

-0.271 (-0.70 to 0.16)

PGA post-COVID

5.5

3.1

6.4

2.9

0.090

-0.304 (-0.74 to 0.140)

MGA post-COVID

3.4

2.9

5.0

2.7

0.007

-0.563 (-1.01 to -0.11)

CDAI V3

11.7

9.6

23.6

15.9

0.001

-0.996 (-1.45 to -0.51)

TJC V3

3.5

3.6

7.5

6.9

< 0.001

-0.801 (-1.25 to -0.34)

SJC V3

1.3

2.2

4.7

6.3

0.001

-0.818 (-1.27 to -0.36)

MGA V3

2.7

2.3

5.0

2.2

0.001

-1.003 (-1.46 to -0.53)

PGA V3

4.2

2.7

6.8

2.3

0.001

-1.005 (-1.45 to -0.53)

  1. CDAI: clinical disease activity score; TJC: tender joint count; SJC: swollen joint count; PGA: patient global evaluation; MGA: medical global evaluation. *Cohen’s d test (95% CI): 0.2 to 0.3: Small effect - the difference between the groups is subtle. Approximately 0.5: Medium effect - moderate difference between the groups. 0.8 or more: Large effect - substantial difference between the groups; CI = Confidence interval